By News Room
– Hridaynarayan Dixit
Certain amendments have been made in the books of class X, XI and XII by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Enlightening courses are made for children in these books. Committee of subject experts consider. Books on other subjects have also been revised. But there is a debate going on about certain amendments made in the history books. History, culture and philosophy are considered important subjects from the point of view of study. History is the basis of nationalism. India has a special tradition of history compilation. In the history of European lines, there is more description of the struggles of kings and feudal lords. The description of culture is important in Indian history.
History is the supreme guide. History is the description from the beginning of creation till now. History means – it happened just like that. History never gets old in the eyes of Indian life. This is an immortal legend. Every day a new spring blossoms on the tree of history. Sun rises. Every moment there is a new sunrise. Usha comes before this. It comes again and again. Honey month comes. New flowers and fruits grow. Seasons take on a new colour. The love between man and nature continues. Struggles also go on. Humans fight with each other. Violence happens. Humanity is in repentance. All such incidents remain compiled in the conscience of history.
Indian history begins with the sweet moment of creation. In a mantra (10.72.2) of the Rigveda, it is said, ‘Before the birth of the gods, from the unreal, the real originated.’ The creation rises. The singing of history begins.’ The great thing is that the sages are describing the period when there were no gods. The sages of Rigveda start the sequence of history from the creation structure. Historians of European lines get away with calling it a prehistoric period. Earlier there was no time . With the beginning of creation, there was movement and from movement time was born. The sages of Rigveda also describe earlier, ‘Then there was neither Sat nor Asat. There was no earth, sky etc. There was neither day nor night. There was no air either.’ This is the history of Indian vision. Asimov has told in the World Chronology that the discovery of fire is an important event in human life.
The Rigvedic sages attribute the discovery of fire to the Indian ancestors. It is said, ‘Manu established fire in the interest of humanity. (1.36.19) It is said about Manu, ‘He is the father of all of us.’ Knowledge and worship of history is ancient in India. In this history, the facts of the past come before us in poetic form. This style gives deities to the powers of nature associated with Lokmangal. But awareness of history remains. In a beautiful Sukta (10.14.15) it is said, ‘idam namah purvjebhyah purvebhyah pathikrishtabhyah, rishibhyah – salutations to the ancestors. Hello seniors. Greetings to the guiding sages. The ancestors happened in the past and the details of the past are history.
In the fifteenth chapter of the Atharvaveda, Atharva has given the description of a deity named Vratya. In the Vedas, the word Vratya is used to mean higher spiritual consciousness. This description is a beautiful example of history vision, ‘Vratya received the guidance of Brahma as soon as he attained a higher position. Brahma created the universe. The sages beautifully describe the journey of Vratya. It is said in Sukta 6, ‘He started towards the upward direction. Land, fire, medicines, plants became favorable to him. Those who know this fact adapt all the above elements to themselves. Here there is an inspiration to adapt the whole material world.
A person performing duty is always dynamic. In the initial stage, he adapts the material world to himself. Then it is said, ‘Vratya has left for the upward direction. Rit, Satya, Surya and Nakshatra became favorable to him and started following him. Here the upliftment of consciousness has been said. Then it is said that Vratya has started towards the larger direction. Then the Itihaas, the Puranas and the Narasanshi Gathas followed him. This mention of history in Atharvaveda is worth noting. Here history has also been told to walk with the hardworking person.
The charge of neglecting history on Hindus is an old one. Alberuni alleged that ‘Hindus do not pay attention to the historical order of things. They are careless in describing the chronological succession of their emperors.’ Undoubtedly, the description of wars etc. in India was not compiled chronologically. In fact, the vision of Indian historians and mythology was towards the future. Hindus have given importance to inspirational and exemplary characters from history. The Vedic sages and Purankaras made Preya and Shreya mantras. Sung like poetry. What is folk memory after all?
In fact, it is the golden treasure of history itself. Shriram is also a king. There were many kings in Indian history. But King Ramchandra finds discussion in India’s shruti, in songs, in mutual discussions even in every village. Shri Krishna is also a historical hero. Ram Rajya is the ideal state of the world. King Harishchandra, the darling of history, is also an important hero. Thousands of people named Harishchandra are found in every village and house of the country. In the population of 1.25 billion, most of the names are associated with Ram, Krishna, Harishchandra. Names like Ram Prasad, Ram Naik, Ram Bharose, Ram Bahadur are there in history. And even in modern India, the village is famous even in the streets.
The name of history in ancient India was ‘Puravritta’. It is safe in Amarkosh. In the Chhandogya Upanishad of the later Vedic period, Narad told Sanat Kumar that he had read Itihaas and Puranas. Kalidas has written in Raghuvamsa that Vishwamitra narrated Puravrit to Rama. Bhavabhuti and Rajasekhara have described Ramayana as history. Mahabharata is also history. There are Yaksha questions in this history. Rigveda is the oldest description of this history. In this history there is Rigveda and in Rigveda there is history. Sudas is the king of Vedic history. Sudas had a war with ten kings. It was a big war. (7.83.7) This is thousands of years old history. In the first and second verses of the fourth chapter of the Gita, there is a sense of history, ‘O Arjuna, this yoga was first given to Vivaswan. He told Manu and Manu told Ikshvaku.
In this tradition of history, the royal sages maintained the flow of this knowledge but in the long run this knowledge was destroyed. Krishna said the same knowledge I am telling you. The history from Rigveda to Mahabharata is preserved in ancient texts. Even more than this, he is spread in the folk memory of India from every village to every street. After this there is the Mughal power in the medieval period and the British power in the modern period. This history has been distorted. Unbiased history will make the modern generation an inquisitive scientist.
(The author is a former speaker of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.)
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